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The Choice of an Occupation
Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an occupation should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, 51, most people make several job choices during their working lives,52because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve53position. The "one perfect job" does not exist. Young people should54enter into a broad flexible training program that will fit them for a field of work rather than for a single55
Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans without benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing.56about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss basis. Some drift from job to job. Others57to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.
One common mistake is choosing an occupation for58real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school students or their parents for them choose the professional field, 59both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal60The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a "white-collar" job is no good reason for choosing it as life&39;s work.61, these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the62of young people should give serious63to these fields.
Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants64life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction.Some want security; others are willing to take65 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.
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Study Says Dogs Can Smell Cancer
Dogs are knowrn for their sense of smell. They can find missing people and things like bombs and illegal drugs. Now a study suggests that the animal known as man&39;s best friend can even find bladder(膀胱) cancer.
Cancer cells are thought to produce chemicals with unusual odors(气味). Researchers think dogs have the abilit)to smell these odors, even in very small amounts, in urine(尿). The sense of smell in dogs is thousands of times better than in humans.
The study follows reports of cases where, for example, a dog showed great interest in a growth on the leg of its owner. The mole(痣)was later found to be skin cancer.
Carolyn Willis ted a team of researchers at Amersham Hospital in England. They trained different kinds of dogs for the experiment. The study involved urine collected from bladder cancer patients ,from people with other diseases and from healthy people.
Each dog was tested eight times. In each test there were seven samples for the dogs to smell.
The dog was supposed to signal the one from a bladder cancer patient by lying down next to it.
Two cocker spaniels(短腿长毛垂耳小猎犬) were correct fifty-six percent of the time. But the scieatists reported an average success rate of forty-one percent.
As a group, the study found that the dogs chose the correct sample twenty-two out of fifty-four times. That is almost three times more often than would be expected by chance alone.
The British Medical Journal published the research. In all, thirty-six bladder cancer patients and one hundred and eight other people took part.
During training, all the dogs reportedly even identified a cancer in a person who had tested healthy before the study. Doctors found a growth on the person&39;s right kidney(肾).
Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide. The International Agency for Re-search on Cancer says this disease kills more than one hundred thousand people each year. Doctors say cigarette smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer.
The experiment was conducted in a __________. 查看材料
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G. Some of the paragraphs have been placed for you. (10 points)
Finally, after four years of repeated attacks of sharp joint pain, a cancer expert found out Jane's problem and told her that she had developed joint cancer.
26-year-old Jane is now chairing the Public Awareness Committee. She works to raise public awareness of a disease that doctors often miss. She wants to use her experience to help others.
Since her mid-20s, Jane had been troubled by health problems-joint pain in her hands and feet at first, then her knees and back【11】and headaches. She consulted three doctors, but she was told there was nothing wrong with her【12】.
Finally, after four years of repeated attacks of【13】joint pain, a cancer expert【14】Jane's problem and told her that she had developed joint cancer.
26-year-old Jane is now chairperson of the Public Awareness Committee. She works to raise public awareness of a disease that doctors often【15】. She wants to use her experience to help others.
Technology Transfer in Germany
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nation&39;s vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas andexpertisefrom science. And though German prosperity (繁荣) has faltered (衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable record for turning ideas into profit.
Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by for pumping into start-up companies.
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics.These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science,eventually starving industry of fresh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家 ) , the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.
While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany&39;s research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer.
Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe&39;s largest organisation for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people. It continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.
What factor can be attributed to German prosperity？ 查看材料
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