题目内容

The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G. Some of the paragraphs have been placed for you. (10 points)

A. Yet thieves still reap a rich harvest. Inadequate protection of U.S. patents, trademarks and copyrights costs the U.S. economy $80 billion in sales lost to pirates and 250,000 jobs every year, according to Gary Hoffman, an intellectual property attorney at Dickstein, Shapiro & Morin in Washington. The computer industry loses upwards of $4 billion of revenues a year to illegal copying of software programs. Piracy of movies, books and recordings costs the entertainment business at least $4 billion annually.
B. With intellectual property now accounting for more than 25% of U.S. exports (compared with just 12% eight years ago), protection against international piracy ranks high on the Bush Administration's trade agenda. The U.S. International Trade Commission, the federal agency that deals with unfair-trade complaints by American companies, is handling a record number of cases (38 last year). Says ITC Chairman Anne Brunsdale: "Conceptual property has replaced produce and heavy machinery as the hotbed of trade disputes".
C. The battle is widening—U.S. companies filed more than 5,700 intellectual-property lawsuits last year in contrast to 3,800 in 1980—and the stakes can be enormous. In the biggest patent-infringement case to date, Eastman Kodak was ordered last October to pay $900 million for infringing on seven Polaroid instant-photography patents. In a far-reaching copyright case, book publishers scored an important victory in March when a federal court in New York City fined the Kinko's Graphics national chain of copying stores $510,000 for illegally photocopying and selling excerpts of books to college students.
D. Although the verdict is subject to appeal, the award underscores the growing importance of protecting intellectual property. That phrase may seem entirely too grand to apply to a song like If You Don't Want My Peaches, You'd Better Stop Shaking My Tree, but it actually encompasses the whole vast range of creative ideas that turn out to have value—and many of them have more value than ever. From Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse to Upjohn's formula for its anti-baldness potion, patents, trademarks and copyrights have become corporate treasures that their owners will do almost anything to protect.
E. In an economy increasingly based on information and technology, ideas and creativity often embody most of a company's wealth. That is why innovations are being patented, trademarked and copyrighted in record numbers. It is also why today's clever thief doesn't rob banks, many of which are broke anyway; he makes unauthorized copies of Kevin Costner's latest film, sells fake Cartier watches and steals the formula for Merck's newest pharmaceutical. That's where the money is.
F. One reason is that any countries offer only feeble protection to intellectual property. Realizing that such laxness will exclude them from much world trade as Well as hobble native industries, nations everywhere are revising laws covering patents, copyrights and trade names. Malaysia, Egypt, China, turkey, Brazil and even the Soviet Union have all recently announced plans either to enact new laws or beef up existing safeguards. In an effort to win U.S. congressional support for a proposed free-trade pact, Mexico last month revealed, plans to double the life of trademark licenses to 10 years and extend patent protection for the first time to such products as pharmaceuticals and food.
G. Companies are cracking down on pirates who steal designs, movies and computer programs. The battle is getting hotter—and more important. When Johnson & Johnson introduced a new fiber-glass casting tape for broken bones several years ago, executives at Minnesota Mining &

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Finally, after four years of repeated attacks of sharp joint pain, a cancer expert found out Jane's problem and told her that she had developed joint cancer.
26-year-old Jane is now chairing the Public Awareness Committee. She works to raise public awareness of a disease that doctors often miss. She wants to use her experience to help others.
Since her mid-20s, Jane had been troubled by health problems-joint pain in her hands and feet at first, then her knees and back【11】and headaches. She consulted three doctors, but she was told there was nothing wrong with her【12】.
Finally, after four years of repeated attacks of【13】joint pain, a cancer expert【14】Jane's problem and told her that she had developed joint cancer.
26-year-old Jane is now chairperson of the Public Awareness Committee. She works to raise public awareness of a disease that doctors often【15】. She wants to use her experience to help others.

Technology Transfer in Germany
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nation&39;s vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas andexpertisefrom science. And though German prosperity (繁荣) has faltered (衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable record for turning ideas into profit.
Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by for pumping into start-up companies.
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics.These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science,eventually starving industry of fresh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家 ) , the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.
While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany&39;s research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer.
Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe&39;s largest organisation for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people. It continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.
What factor can be attributed to German prosperity？查看材料

A. Technology transfer
B. Good management
C. Hard work
D. Fierce competition

[说明]
本程序实现对指定文件内的单词进行计数。其中使用二叉树结构来保存已经读入的不同单词，并对相同单词出现的次数进行计数。此二叉树的左孩子结点的字符串值小于父结点的字符串值，右孩子结点的字符串值大于父结点的字符串值。函数getword(charfilename，charword)是从指定的文件中得到单词。charstrdup(charS)是复制S所指向的字符串，并返回复制字符串的地址。
[C程序]
include ＜stdio.h＞
include ＜ctype.h＞
include ＜string.h＞
define MAXWORD 100
struct node {
charword;
int count;
struct nodeleft;
struct noderight;
}
struct nodeaddtree(struct nodeP,charw)
{ int cond;
if(p==NULL){ /向树中插入结点/
P=(struct node)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
P-＞word=strdup(w);
P-＞count=1;
(1) ;
}
elseif((oond=strcmp(w,p-＞word))==0) (2) ;
else if(cond＜0)p-＞left=(3);
else p-＞right=(4);
return p;
}
main()
{ Struct noderoot;
char word[MAXWORD];
root=NULL;
filename="example.dat";
while(getword(filename,word)!=EOF))
root=(5);
}

What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe？
What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on Earth？ Where was this low temperature recorded？ The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was -90℃, which __ (51) in Antarctica (南极洲 ) in 1983.
We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in (52).
Temperatures in Earth orbit (轨道) actually range from about + 120℃ to -120℃. The temperature depends upon (53) you are in direct sunlight or in shade. Obviously, -120℃ is colder than our body can (54) endure.
The space temperatures just discussed affect only our area of the solar (55).Obviously, it is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel (56) from the Sun.
Scientists estimate temperatures at Pluto are about -210℃. How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe？ Again, it depends upon your (57). We are taught it is supposedly (58) to have a temperature below absolute zero, which is -273℃, at which atoms do not move. Two scientists, Cornell and Wieman, have successfully (59)down a gas to a temperature barely above absolute zero. They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 for their work--not a discovery, in this case.
Why is the two scientists&39; work so important to science？
In the 1920s, Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting (60) about special light particles (微粒) we now call photons (光子). Bose had trouble (61) other scientists to believe his theory, so he contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein&39;s calculations helped him theorize that atoms (62) behave as Bose thought--but only at very cold temperatures.
Scientists have also discovered that ultra-cold (超冷) atoms can help them make the world&39;s atomic clocks even (63) accurate. These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second (64) six million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity (速度) times time (d=υt). With the long distances involved in space (65), we need to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance.$amp;_ 查看材料;$br＞

A. operated
B. occurred
C. opened
D. offered