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It is possible to collect amniotic stem cells for donors or for autologuous use: the first US amniotic stem cells bank was opened in 2009 in Littleton, MA, by Biocell Center Corporation & collaborates with various hospitals & universities all over the world.
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The induced pluripotent stem cell(iPSC) technology was pioneered by Shinya Yamanaka's lab in Kyoto, Japan, who showed in 2006 that the introduction of four specific genes encoding transcription factors could convert adult cells into pluripotent stem cells. He was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize along with Sir John Gurdon "for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent".
Amniotic stem cells are multipotent and can differentiate in cells of adipogenic, osteogenic, myogenic, endothelial, hepatic, & also neuronal lines.
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are useful tools for drug development & modeling of diseases, & scientists hope to use them in transplantation & regenerative medicine. They represent a single source of cells that could be used to replace those lost to damage or disease.
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) differ from ESCs. They share many similar properties, such as pluripotency & differentiation potential, the expression of pluripotency genes, epigenetic patterns, embryoid body, & teratoma formation, & viable chimera formation, but there are many differences within these properties.
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