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Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) differ from ESCs. They share many similar properties, such as pluripotency & differentiation potential, the expression of pluripotency genes, epigenetic patterns, embryoid body, & teratoma formation, & viable chimera formation, but there are many differences within these properties.
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The chromatin of Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) appears to be more "closed" or methylated than that of embryonic stem cells (ESCs).
Multipotent stem cells are found in amniotic fluid. These stem cells are very active, expand extensively without feeders and are not tumorigenic.
25% of mice transplanted with c-myc-induced iPSCs developed lethal teratomas. N-myc & L-myc have been identified to induce instead of c-myc with similar efficiency.
The low induction efficiency may reflect the need for precise timing, balance, & absolute levels of expression of the reprogramming genes. It may also suggest a need for rare genetic and/or epigenetic changes in the original somatic cell population or in the prolonged culture. Depletion of Mbd3 improves reprogramming efficiency.
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