题目内容

______________ refers to the modification of husbandry or experimental procedures to minimize pain and distress.

A. Reduction
B. Replenishment
C. Replacement
D. Refinement

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Inthereductiondimensionthereisa__________ofappropriatenumbersofanimals,belowandabovewhichtheexperimentbecomesmeaninglessandunethical.

A. hole
B. gap
C. tool
D. window

The term "alternatives" was coined by the distinguished physiologist David Smyth in his book Alternatives to Animal Experiments published in _______. It is used to describe any change to established scientific procedures that will result in the replacement of animals, a reduction in the numbers used or a refinement of techniques that may minimize harms to the animals. Therefore, Smyth's term "Alternatives" is synonymous with Russell and Burch's "Three Rs".

A. 1976
B. 1978
C. 1980
D. 1988

In a study by NIH, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), parvoviruses, ecto- and endoparasites were reported in 10% to more than ______ of the "specific pathogen free (SPF)" mouse colonies.

A. 20%
B. 30%
C. 40%
D. 50%

Among non-SPF mice, MHV was present in more than 70% of the reporting institutions, pinworms in about 70%, parvoviruses and ectoparasites in about 40%, and Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus in more than ______.

A. 10%
B. 20%
C. 30%
D. 40%