In the case of the Animal Legal Defense Fund vs Daniel Glickman in the US, what happened?
A. In 1998, a court case was argued on behalf of the Animal Legal Defense Fund vs Daniel Glickman (the Secretary of Agriculture), for the inhumane treatment of a primate named Barney at a Long Island Game Farm Park and Zoo.
B. A man name Marc Jurnove had visited this park on a regular basis & noticed this primate had been neglected.
C. He filed suit against the USDA for failing to meet the minimum standards under the AWA & his allegations were supported by investigations.
D. The U.Court of Appeals, D.Circuit Court ruled that he had standing to sue. The merits of the case were determined by a later case: Animal Legal Defense Fund v. Glickman, 204 F.3d 229 (2001), in which the Court rejected Jurnove's argument and upheld the validity of the USDA regulations.
Inthecaseofthe907 Whitehead Street, Inc. vs US the Secretary of AgricultureintheUS,whathappened?
A. In 2012, in the case of 907 Whitehead Street, Inc. vs U.Secretary of Agriculture (USDA), the plaintiff challenged the jurisdiction of the USDA and its Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service to regulate the Ernest Hemingway Home and Museum as an animal exhibitor.
B. The museum is home to dozens of polydactyl cats, the progeny of a cat that Ernest Hemingway was given as a pet when he lived there during the 1930s. Following a complaint by a museum visitor, the USDA visited the museum and in October 2003, determined that the Museum was an animal exhibitor subject to regulation under the AWA because the Museum exhibited the cats for the cost of an admission fee, and the cats were used in promotional advertising.
C. Under USDA regulations, the museum is required to obtain a USDA exhibitor's license, give each cat a tag for identification purposes, provide additional resting surfaces within their existing enclosures, and introduce one of several specified improvements required to ensure the cats remain contained to the museum's grounds.
D. The museum challenged on several grounds the USDA's authority in the case, noting that the Hemingway cats do not have an effect on interstate commerce sufficient to merit federal regulation. As of December 2012, the case had reached the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, which upheld earlier district court rulings.
The Three Rs in animal research are:
A. reduction in numbers of animals
B. refinement of experimental methods
C. replacement of animals with non-animal techniques
D. reduction of the research costs
Which of the following statements about animal welfare are right?
A. The concerns in animal welfare can include how animals are slaughtered for food, how they are used in scientific research, how they are kept (as pets, in zoos, farms, circuses, etc.), and how human activities affect the welfare and survival of wild species.
B. Respect for animal welfare is often based on the belief that non-human animals are sentient and that consideration should be given to their well-being or suffering, especially when they are under the care of humans.
C. Animal welfare science uses various measures, such as longevity, disease, immunosuppression, behavior, physiology, & reproduction, although there is debate about which of these indicators provide the best information.
D. Animal welfare is the well-being of animals. The standards of "good" animal welfare vary considerably between different contexts.
Marshall Hall's five principles (1831) for animal welfare are:
An experiment should never be performed, if the necessary information could be obtained by observations. No experiment should be performed without a defined, obtainable, objective.
B. Scientists should be well informed about the work of their predecessors and peers in order to avoid unnecessary repetition of an experiment.
C. Justifiable experiments should be carried out with the least possible infliction of suffering (often through the use of lower, less sentient animals).
D. Every experiment should be performed under circumstances that would provide the clearest possible results, thereby diminishing the need for repetition of experiments.
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