题目内容
Sterilization is a process which ensures the complete eradication of all living cells and viruses whereas disinfection is a vaguer term normally used to indicate the removal of potentially harmful microorganisms but not necessarily all other microbes.
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Physical (heat and radiation) and chemical methods are used to sterilize or disinfect materials and the method used is dependent on the nature of the materials to be sterilised.
Heat, either moist or dry, is one of the most commonly used techniques but this cannot be used for any heat labile materials such as proteins and some plastics.
Due to the heat stability of bacterial spores, which cannot be removed by boiling, sterilization using moist heat must be done at highest temperature and pressure in an autoclave.
These machines normally operate at 121℃ and 15 pounds per square inch which is sufficient to kill most microbes with the exception of spongiform encephalopathic agents, which are resistant to these conditions.
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