Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefunctionsofhuman autonomic nervoussystemarecorrect?
A. The autonomic nervous system is a part of PNS, responsible for regulating involuntary body functions, such as blood flow, heartbeat, digestion, & breathing.
B. In other words, it is the autonomic system that controls aspects of the body that are usually not under voluntary control.
C. This system is further divided into two branches: the sympathetic nervous system & the parasympathetic nervous system.
D. The system works with conscious effort.
Which of the following statements about human brain are correct?
A. The human brain is comprised of a number of different regions. Each of these regions are vitally important with highly specialized functions. The brain is roughly divided into three parts which include the following: forebrain, midbrain, & brain stem or hind brain.
B. The central part of the brain includes the brain stem & the midbrain. The function of the midbrain has been largely preserved during evolution.
C. The functions of the forebrain, however, have changed somewhat. The cortex is highly developed with a high capacity for complex thinking & problem solving.
D. The brain has three main parts, the cerebrum, cerebellum, & brain stem. The cerebrum is responsible for things such as memory, speech, voluntary behaviors, & thought.
Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthestructureandfunctionofhumanforebrainarecorrect?
A. Theforebraincontainsthecerebralcortex&surroundsthebrainstem&midbrain.Inhumans,itishighlydeveloped&hasaverycomplicatedstructure.
B. Thecerebralcortexhastwocerebralhemispheres&afolded,wrinkledsurface.Eachgrooveisknownasasulcuswhileeachbumpisknownasagyrus.Thetoplayerofthecortexisabouttwomillimetersthick&hasatotalsurfaceareaofabout1.5m^2.
C. Thecerebrumisdividedintotwohemispheres,arighthemisphere,&alefthemisphere.Thetwohemispheresworkincoordination,althoughonesideisdominant.e.g.,righthandedpeoplehaveadominantleftcerebralhemisphere.Thebrain'srighthemispherecontrolsmovementsonthebody'sleftside,whilethelefthemispherecontrolsmovementsonthebody'srightside.
D. Eachofthecerebralcortexismadeupof4interconnectedlobeswhichincludethefrontallobe,parietallobe,occipitallobe,&temporallobethathavebeenassociatedwithdifferentfunctionsrangingfromreasoningtoauditoryperception.
The death of the brain stem is largely equal to brain death. Why do we say the brain stem is vital to our life?
A. The brain stem, through its gray matter, provides many of the basic survival & reflex functions for the body; and through its white matter, the brain stem forms the connections between the brain & the body.
B. Ten of the brain's twelve cranial nerves also originate in the brain stem, providing vital connections between the brain & the sensory organs, heart, & digestive organs.
C. The reticular formation, which extends throughout the brain stem, performs several important functions, including the stimulation of the cerebral cortex & the production of muscle tone.
D. Stimulation of the cerebral cortex by the reticular formation produces the effect of being awake & conscious, while the inactivation of the reticular formation leads to sleep.
Which of the following statements about the structure and function of the medulla of the brain stem are correct?
A. The medulla contains all of the neurons that connect the brain to the spinal cord, & it is at the level of the medulla that about 90% of these neurons switch from the left side of the body to the right & vice versa.
B. The neurons passing through the medulla also form many relays, where one neuron passes its signal on to another neuron that continues onward to the brain or body.
C. Nuclei of gray matter in the medulla include the cardiovascular center, which controls the heart rate & blood pressure, & the medullary rhythmicity area, which controls the breathing rate.
D. Many vital survival reflexes are integrated in the medulla, including those for swallowing, vomiting, & coughing.
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