题目内容

Schools expect textbooks to be a valuable source of
information for students. My research suggests, however,
that textbooks that address the place of Native Americans
within he history of the United States distort history to suit
(5) a particular cultural value system. In some textbooks, for
example, settlers are pictured as more humane, complex,
skillful, and wise than Native American. In essence,
textbooks stereotype and deprecate the numerous Native
American cultures while reinforcing the attitude that the
(10) European conquest of the New World denotes the superi-
ority of European cultures. Although textbooks evaluete
Native American architecture, political systems, and home-
making. I contend that they do it from an ethnocentric,
(15) European perspective without recognizing that other per-
spectives are possible.
One argument against my contention asserts that, by
nature, textbooks are culturally biased and that I am simply
underestimating children’s ability to see through these
(20) biases. Some researchers even claim that by the time
students are in high school, they know they cannot take
textbooks literally. Yet substantial evidence exists to the
contrary. Two researchers, for example, have conducted
studies that suggest that children’s attitudes about particular
(25) culture are strongly influenced by the textbooks used in
schools. Given this, an ongoing, careful review of how
school textbooks depict Native American is certainly
warranted.
Which of the following would most logically be the topic of the paragraph immediately following the passage?

A. Specific ways to evaluate the biases of United States history textbooks
B. The centrality of the teacher’s role in United States history courses
C. Nontraditional methods of teaching United States history
D. The contributions of European immigrants to the development of the United States
E. Ways in which parents influence children’s political attitudes

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Which of the following best describes the kind of error attributed to Glarthaar in lines 25-28?

A. Insisting on an unwarranted distinction between two groups of individuals in order to render an argument concerning them internally consistent
B. Supporting an argument in favor of a given interpretation of a situation with evidence that is not particularly relevant to the situation
C. Presenting a distorted view of the motives of certain individuals in order to provide grounds for a negative evaluation of their actions
Describing the conditions prevailing before a given event in such a way that the contrast with those prevailing after the event appears more striking than it actually is
E. Asserting that a given event is caused by another event merely because the other event occurred before the given event occurred

The passage mentions which of the following as an important theme that receives special emphasis in Glarthaar’s book?

A. The attitudes of abolitionist officers in Black units
B. The struggle of Black units to get combat assignments
C. The consequences of the poor medical care received by Black soldiers
D. The motives of officers serving in Black units
E. The discrimination that Black soldiers faced when trying for promotions

The author implies that the title of Glatthaar’s book refers specifically to which of the

A. The sense of pride and accomplishment that Black soldiers increasingly felt as a result of their Civil War experiences
B. The civil equality that African Americans achieved after the Civil War, partly as a result of their use of organizational skills honed by combat
C. The changes in discriminatory army policies that were made as a direct result of the performance of Black combat units during the Civil War
D. The improved interracial relations that were formed by the races’ facing of common dangers and their waging of a common fight during the Civil War
E. The standards of racial egalitarianism that came to be adopted as a result of White Civil War veterans’ repudiation of the previous racism

The passage suggests that Jarvis’ work has called into question which of the following explanatory variables for naked mole rat behavior?

A. Size
B. Age
C. Reproductive status
D. Rate of growth
E. Previously exhibited behavior

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