In _____, Victor La Mer and Robert Dinegar developed the theory and a process for growing monodisperse colloidal materials. Controlled ability to fabricate colloids enables myriad industrial uses such as specialized papers, paints, and thin films, even dialysis treatments.
A. 1940
B. 1945
C. 1950
D. 1955
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In 1958, Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments originated the concept of, designed, and built the first integrated circuit, for which he received the Nobel Prize in ______.
A. 1990
B. 1994
C. 1998
D. 2000
In 1981, Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer at IBM's Zurich lab invented the scanning tunneling microscope, allowing scientists to "see" individual atoms for the first time. Binnig and Rohrer won the Nobel Prize for this discovery in ______.
A. 1983
B. 1986
C. 1990
D. 1996
In1985,RiceUniversityresearchersHaroldKrotoetal.discoveredtheBuckminsterfullerene(C60),morecommonlyknownasthe'buckyball',whichisamoleculeresemblingasoccerballinshapeandcomposedentirelyofcarbon,asaregraphiteanddiamond.Theteamwasawardedthe______NobelPrizeinChemistryfortheirrolesinthisdiscoveryandthatofthefullereneclassofmoleculesmoregenerally.
A. 1988
B. 1990
C. 1994
D. 1996
In _____, Gerd Binnig, Calvin Quate, and Christoph Gerber invented the atomic force microscope, which has the capability to view, measure, and manipulate materials down to fractions of a nanometer in size, including measurement of various forces intrinsic to nanomaterials.
A. 1980
B. 1984
C. 1986
D. 1990