In 1906, Gamillo Golgi and Santiago Ramóny Y.Cajal jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work and categorization of _________ in the brain.

BRAIN 2025: A Scientific Vision outlines a plan for accelerating technology development for neuroscience, with the intention of developing and using new tools to acquire fundamental new insights into how the nervous system functions in health and ___________.

Braininterventionsaimtochangethefunctionsofthebrain,includingphysical,surgical,pharmacological,mental,____________,and__________________interventions.

Neuroethics is most commonly understood to be the bioethics subcategory concerned with _____________ and _________________.

Broadly speaking, there are two types of neuroethical problems. In the first category are the ethical problems raised by advances in brain structure & function, cognitive science, behavior science, functional neuroimaging, neurosurgery, psychiatry, psychopharmacology & neuropharmacology, brain implants, neurogenetics, neuropathology, & brain-machine interfaces. In the second category are the ethical problems raised by our growing understanding of the neural bases of behavior, personality, consciousness, & states of spiritual transcendence.

A. 对
B. 错

The brain, like the heart, is a bodily organ, but because of its unique function, its manipulation carries with it a host of ethical & metaphysical conundrums that challenge our intuitive & largely settled views about who & what we are.

A. 对
B. 错

Brain interventions call attention to something hard to fathom & often overlooked: what we like, what we are like, who we are, in some very real sense, are dependent on the motion of matter & ebb & flow of electrical signals in our brains, just like any other physical devices.

A. 对
B. 错

After all, if we are merely material beings whose personality can be altered & even controlled by fairly simple technologies such as deep brain stimulation, is there really a there? Is there some immutable kernel of a person that is the self, or an essence that resists change? Can brain interventions change who we are — make us into a different person or alter personal identity?

A. 对
B. 错

Addiction neuroethics focuses on the ethical, philosophical, legal, & social implications of neuroscience research of addiction, as well as its translation into effective, economical & appropriate policy & treatments.

A. 对
B. 错

The Madrid Declaration on Ethical Standards for Psychiatric declares that, "The patient should be accepted as a partner by right in the therapeutic process".

A. 对
B. 错