With lucky draws，spot prizes and after-dinner entertainment and dancing，it seems to be a night not to be missed．This company-sponsored dinner will cost you only$50 each-and it is the same price for partners too!If it is anything like previous years functions，you can be assured of a good time-so get your registration foilils from Reception or Personnel and book now!Mary Martin has the honor of being in charge of arrangements this year，so she can be contacted in case of any queries．<br>？You will hear how to get ready for the annual dinner and dance．<br>？As you listen，for questions 1-12，complete the notes．using up to three words or a number<br>？After you have listened once，replay the recording．<br>The year has flown and it is that(1) _______ !<br>The Annual Dinner and Dance will be held on(2) _______ from (3) _______ untillate．<br>As usual there will be a (4) _______ Chinese dinner，including special requirements can，of course，(5) _______ ．<br>And Carmen Fashions will(6) _______ us with a fashion show as we eat．<br>With lucky draws(7) _______ and after-dinner entertainment and dancing，it looks like being a night not to (8) _______ ．<br>This company-sponsored dinner will cost you only(9) _______ each．<br>If it is anything like previous years'functions you can(10) _______ a good time，so get your(11) _______ from Reception or Personnel and book now!<br>Mary Martin has the honor of being (12) _______ arrangements this year，so she can be contacted in case of any queries．

Employee Benefit<br>Your organization is about to create a benefit to help employees who are caring for elderly parents. You have been asked to submit ideas on exactly how to help these employees.<br>Discuss and decide together:<br>&8226;what benefit your organization could offer to employees who are caring for elderly parents<br>&8226;what these employees should not expect the organization would do for them

The common currency of the Euroland suggests that the EU is on the way to become a political integrity.

To the lower-income people，this tax is an obl igation hard to bear．

&8226;Read this text about FDI.<br>&8226;Choose the best sentence from the sentences that follow to fill each of the gaps.<br>&8226;For each gap 9-14, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.<br>？ Do not use any letter more than once.<br>Advantages of FDI<br>Companies invest directly only if they think that they hold some supremacy over similar companies in countries of interest. The advantage results from a foreign company's ownership of some resources--patents, product differentiation, management skills, access to markets--unavailable at the same price or terms to the local company. This is known as monopoly advantages before direct investment. The cost of transferring resources abroad is increasing and there is perceived greater risk of operating in a foreign country. (9) . Companies from certain countries may enjoy a monopoly advantage if they borrow capital at a lower interest rate than companies from other countries. In recent years, capital markets have become international, so it is possible for companies to borrow abroad more easily if interest rates are lower there.<br>(10) . Currency values, however, do not provide a strong explanation for FDI patterns. The currency-strength scenario only partially explains direct investment flows. More internationally oriented companies can get advantage from spreading out some of the costs of product differentiation, R & D, and advertising compared to less internationally oriented companies. Among industry groups and groups of companies of similar size that spent comparable amounts on advertising and R & D, the more internationally oriented companies in almost every case earned more than the others.<br>(11) Besides, with inflow of equipment, the skills of local worker can be improved. New management can also be introduced to the local companies to improve the administration of the enterprises of the local management.<br>From the perspective of a nation, FDI may bring some benefits. FDI can make a positive contribution to a host economy by supplying capital, technology, and management resources that would otherwise not be available. The provision of these skills by an MNE (through FDI) may boost that country's economic growth rate. (12) . Technology is a catalyst that can stimulate a country's economic growth and industrialization. Technology can take two forms, both of which are valuable. It can be incorporated in a production process (e. g., the technology for discovering, extracting, and refining oil). However, many countries lack the research and development resources and skills required to develop their local product and processing technology. (13) . Such countries need rely on advanced industrialized nations for much of the technology required to stimulate economic growth, and FDI can provide it.<br>Foreign management skills provided through FDI may also produce important benefits for the host countries. Beneficial spinoff effects arise when local personnel who are trained to occupy managerial, financial, and technical posts in the subsidiaries of a foreign MNE subsequently leave the firm and help to establish local firms. (14) .

A. Besides, new advanced technology can be introduced to the host country.
B. On the other hand, local companies can enjoy the advanced technology which they lack.
C. Therefore, a company will not undertake FDI if it does not see a higher return than it can get at home country and if it does not think it can outperform. local firms.
D. FDI is especially important to developing countries.
E. This is particularly true of the less developed countries (LDCs).
F. Likewise, benefits may arise if the superior management skills of a foreign MNE stimulate local suppliers, distributors, and competitors to improve their own management skills.
G. Another adv

？Read this text taken from an article about some key aspects of operations management.<br>？Choose the best sentence to fill each of the gaps.<br>？For each gap (9-14), mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.<br>？Do not use any letter more than once.<br>The Operations Function<br>Goods are tangible items purchased by individuals or organizations for subsequent uses. Services are intangible items that are consumed when being provided, with the customer taking away or retaining the benefit of that service. But in many commercial situations, what is provided or produced by an organization can be a mixture of both goods and services. In some situations the product will outweigh the service but in other situations it will be the opposite.<br>The operations function is the part of the organization that exists mainly to generate and produce the products. (9) .They have a conversion process, some resource inputs into that process, the outputs resulting from the conversions of the inputs, and the<br>information feedback about the activities in the operations system. (10) . Economists refer to the transformation of resources into goods and services as the production function. (11) .This process is what creates the revenue for the company making the products or providing the services. (12) .<br>When taking the conversion process into consideration we must take into account that the process is subject to random change and fluctuations. Unplanned or uncontrolled influences may cause the actual output to differ from the planned output. (13) .If there is a circumstance in which the Yangzi River of China was to flood, the production of rice would suffer, therefore causing an increase fluctuation in the price of rice. (14) .Fluctuations may also tend to be caused by internal problems inherent in the conversion process. Faulty equipment, material imperfections, and of course human errors are only a few of the ideas that affect output quality.<br>A Other natural problems such as lightning, frost, drought, too much rain, etc., will tend to be the major reason for the fluctuation in product quality and price because of availability.<br>B All producers of whether it be a physical object or service have some basic elements in common.<br>C For example, all managers in any organization will need to know how to train their employees, appraise their performance, and so forth.<br>D The end product then becomes an idea where it is deemed a useful idea due to the form, the time, or the place of their availability from the conversion process.<br>E For example, such fluctuations in the product quality or price may be due to the growing weather conditions of many plants of fruit and vegetables.<br>F Once a product is made available to the consumer, that product is sold and converted into cash for that company and the cycle continues.<br>G The general goal for all production is to create some kind of value added, so the outputs are worth more to the consumer than just the sum of the individual inputs.<br>H In some situations the product will outweigh the service but in other situations it will be the opposite.<br>(9)

I enjoy working in retail more than in my former job.

There is a great significance in the implementation of WTO commitments by China.

听力原文：Speaker One<br>Woman: I organise IT projects, and hire other companies or individuals to do the work. With one, the contractor told me halfway through that it couldn't be done the way I'd planned it, and it would be overdue. I took a chance that he was wrong, but he wasn't, and it really inflated the cost of the project, because of course the contractor's staff had to be paid for longer. When my boss found out, I only managed to keep my job by suggesting that I email him weekly progress reports on any future projects, and notify him of any potential or actual problems. It really helped me too, because I think if you make a mistake, you shouldn't just say, 'It won't happen again', you have to make sure it doesn't.<br>Speaker Two<br>Man: I worked for a publisher where you were allocated an art editor per issue from a studio team. I always got the useless one, because everyone else refused to work with him: he was so bad he should never have been given the job in the first place. In the end, I suddenly snapped, and instead of having a quiet word with my boss, as I should have done, I dashed off a furious memo about him to the head of his department. Well, that put me in the wrong, everyone was very angry with me, and I came very close to resigning. It certainly taught me not to rush into things: what seems the obvious course of action in the heat of the moment isn't necessarily the most effective one.<br>Speaker Three<br>Woman: When I worked in import-export, the best thing I ever did was getting myself transferred from one section to another. It happened because I'd calculated how much we should charge a customer for some goods we were going to import on a regular basis, and didn't allow for our agent's commission. When the invoices started coming in, I realised we were making a loss. I tried to increase the price to the customer without telling my boss, but, in the end, I had to admit what I'd done, and I think that's the only reason I didn't get the sack. It gave us quite serious cash flow problems for a Jew months. But it made me realise that I really wasn't interested in that side of the work.<br>Speaker Four<br>Man: I used to work in a catering company, and was promoted to Catering Manager, but at first I just kept on messing around with the rest of my staff. My duties included doing the rounds when everyone else had left. One evening, one of my staff put several thousand pounds' worth of frozen food in a fridge by mistake. I should have discovered this, but I didn't, and the next day the food was ruined. When I told my boss, I treated it as a joke, and put the blame on the person who'd made the mistake. My boss made it clear that I was ultimately answerable for what my staff did, and if my attitude didn't change I'd be out of a job. Needless to say, it did change, and quickly.<br>Speaker Five<br>Woman: I used to work in a PR agency, doing publicity for lots of celebrities, and we were always too busy to pool our knowledge. Eventually, I instituted a working lunch once a week, to swap the latest information. I'd realised that we needed something like that when I was publicising one of our clients, and gave a journalist from a national newspaper the phone number of the person I thought was the client's booking agent. What I didn't know, but some of my colleagues did, was that the client had changed agents, so the wrong one then got hundreds of calls. He was furious, so were our client and her new agent, and so was my boss. All I wanted was to hide away somewhere until it all blew over.<br>&8226;You will hear five people talking about a mistake they made at work, and about how they responded afterwards.<br>&8226;For each extract there are two tasks. For Task One, choose the mistake that each person made, from the list A-H. For Task Two, choose the way in which they responded afterwards from the list A-H.<br>&8226;After you have listened once, replay the recording.<br>Task One - What mistake did they make？

？Look at the statements below and at the five extracts that follow.<br>？Which extract (A, B, C, D or E) does each statement (1-8) refer to？<br>？For each statement (1-8), mark one letter (A. B, C, D or E) on your Answer Sheet.<br>？You will need to use some of these letters more than once.<br>A<br>Currently, economic activities in China remain controlled by a government that often makes its decisions based on the unpublished rules, and when the rules are published, they are often vague and unclear to the public and overseas businesses. Appeals are made all the more difficult with no public basis for the initial decisions. The WTO requirements of transparency and justice will help the Chinese state make arbitrary decisions over business activities and economic life.<br>B<br>By requiring the clear publication of quotas and tariff rates-by making them more transparent and public-the arbitrary discretion of local officials to determine whether and at what price a local enterprise can import a foreign product that might be an important input to goods or service will be taken away. In doing so, this agreement not only promotes economic efficiency for American exporters, but also undercuts arbitrary control and promotes the ability of local entrepreneurs to freely contract with foreign importers based not on party connections but on what makes economic sense. Economic freedom and economic efficiency gain at the same time.<br>C<br>The same is true for the free movement of goods. Currently, anybody who does business in China will view distribution as, at best, a headache. The Chinese government controls virtually all aspects of the movement of goods, whether goods can be imported at all, the terms under which it enters, who can bring it in, and who can distribute, sell and service it. Importing and exporting, and distribution rights are privileges granted by the Chinese government to only to a few.<br>D<br>China's WTO commitments in these areas are quite significant. The agreement changes these scarcely allotted privileges into rights that will be widely available to both Chinese and foreign businesses. China has agreed that in 3 years, all individuals and entities in China will be able to import most products into any part of China, and that foreign firms will be able to set up, own and operate their own distribution and related services. It will certainly help promote and enhance the economic activities and people throughout the world would enjoy the freedom of businesses.<br>E<br>Again, however, the benefits go beyond economic efficiency. Every time the multiple areas in which people must seek permission from the government for distribution or trading are reduced, the potential for a larger number of business transactions between Chinese entrepreneurs and American entrepreneurs is increased. As the weight of the government on everyday transactions becomes lighter, layers of middlemen are eliminated, and more and more Chinese salesmen, repairmen, and consumers will come into direct and daily contact with each other and with foreign companies.<br>The agreement can help us do business more smoothly and freely with the purpose of gaining more freedom and economic efficiency.