Essential properties of life include:

Metabolism can be subdivided into anabolism and catabolism:

Of the 473 genes in JCV-syn3.0, _____ have no assigned functional category.

A. 59
B. 69
C. 79
D. 89

The synthetic Yeast 2.0 (Sc2.0) was completed and published in Science in ________.

A. 2014
B. 2015
C. 2016
D. 2017

TheInternationalConferenceonSyntheticBiologyandInternationalGeneticallyEngineeredMachineCompetition(iGEM)werefirstheldin_______,andsyntheticbiologyhasreceivedwidespreadattentionthereafter.

A. 1994
B. 1998
C. 2002
D. 2004

Thefirstsyntheticgenome,thepoliovirusgenome,wassuccessfullyconstructedin______. This work indicated the feasibility of de novo chemical synthesis of genomes from existing genomic sequences without reliance on natural templates.

A. 1996
B. 1998
C. 2000
D. 2002

Life refers to the property or quality of plants and animals that distinguishes them from inorganic matter or dead organisms; specif., the cellular biochemical activity or processes of an organism, characterized by the ingestion of nutrients, the storage and use of ___________, the excretion of wastes, growth, reproduction, etc.

A. water
B. energy
C. air
D. oxygen

NASA's working definition for 'life' is: "Life is a self-sustaining system capable of ______________ evolution."

A. rapid
B. Darwinian
C. slow
D. radical

The first identifiable use of the term "synthetic biology" was in Stéphane Leduc's publication of Théorie physico-chimique de la vie et générations spontanées (_______) and his La Biologie Synthétique (1912).

A. 1905
B. 1910
C. 1915
D. 1920

The roots of synthetic biology can be traced to a landmark publication by Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod in _______. Insights from their study of the lac operon in E. coli led them to posit the existence of regulatory circuits that underpin the response of a cell to its environment.

A. 1951
B. 1955
C. 1961
D. 1965