Firms which enter emerging markets through the use of low prices to ensure affordability,even at the possible cost of extremely low margins and/or the sacrifice of the most desirable market position, are committed to a policy of:
A. skimming pricing.
B. countertrade.
C. straight barter.
D. penetration pricing.
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Unlike mature markets, success in developing and newly democratized countries oftenrequires the assistance of:
A. foreign media specialists.
B. international agencies.
C. trading companies.
D. keiretsus.
Boeing Corporation has decided to launch some of its more advanced products in Russia.The firm probably selected this strategy in order to:
A. reap first-mover advantages.
B. avoid strong competition from domestic brands.
C. justify the use of penetration pricing.
D. reach the mass market quickly.
The uncertainty that characterizes developing markets forces the local marketer to becomeadept at:
A. penetration pricing.
B. environmental scanning.
C. distribution margins.
D. media selection.
Even in relatively poor emerging markets, the Toyota Corporation typically seeks tomaintain its quality image and provide status satisfactions for its "high-end" target customers. To accomplish this goal and achieve a quick payback of its investment through high profit margins, the firm is MOST likely to employ:
A. a skimming price policy.
B. barter agreements.
C. a penetration price policy.
D. countertrade agreements.